Mass Media

                                     History

The phrase "the media" began to be used in the 1920s, but referred to something that had its origins much further in the past.
The invention of the printing press in the late 15th century gave rise to some of the first forms of mass communication, by enabling the publication of books and newspapers on a scale much larger than was previously possible.
The first high-circulation newspapers arose in the eastern United States in the early 1800s, and were made possible by the invention of high-speed rotary steam printing presses, and railroads which allowed large-scale distribution over wide geographical areas. The increase in circulation, however, led to a decline in feedback and interactivity from the readership, making newspapers a more one-way medium.
The telegraph separated communications from transportation, enabling messages to be transmitted instantaneously over large distances.

• Radio
• Television
• Internet, mobile devices, video games          

                                     Technologies

    Electronic media and print media include:

• Broadcasting, in the narrow sense, for radio and television.
• Many instances of various types of recorded discs or tapes. In the 20th century, these were mainly used for music. Video and computer uses followed.
• Film, most often used for entertainment, but also for documentaries.
• The Internet -- examples include Blogs and podcasts (such as news, music, pre-recorded speech, and video)
• Mobile phones, which can be used for rapid breaking news and short clips of entertainment like jokes, horoscopes, alerts, games, music, and advertising
• Publishing, including electronic publishing
• Video games, which have developed into a mass form of media.

Endengered animals in Europe

Endangered Mammals

Extinction threatens 15%, or one in seven of Europe's 228 species of mammals. Among the 35 threatened European mammals, six are marine species.
Europe's five most endangered mammals, listed below, are classified as "Critically Endangered". That status means populations have declined drastically, or numbers are already precariously low, or the animals presently survive only in a tiny area. Conservation specialists conclude that the likelihood of these animals soon becoming extinct in their natural habitat is "extremely high".
                                                       Saiga 

                                                             Saiga tatarica

Russian Federation, Central Asia

In Europe, saiga antelope have disappeared from Moldova, Poland and Ukraine. At most 18,000 of the antelope remain in European Russia. Illegal hunting and habitat destruction caused saiga populations to decline by over 80% in the last decade.

                                                         

                                                             Saiga Antelope

 Endangered Birds

Out of the 524 bird species found in Europe, 68 (13%) are threatened. Some of the endangered birds whose range includes Europe are Balearic shearwater, sociable lapwing, red-breasted goose, saker falcon, Egyptian vulture, and white-headed duck. Europe's most endangered bird of all is the slender-billed curlew.

                                                  Slender-billed Curlew

                                                              Numenius tenuirostris

   Central, Eastern, Southern Europe

Once common, this curlew migrates across Europe from breeding grounds in Siberia. Its numbers declined dramatically during the last 100 years, and probably now total fewer than 50 individuals. The last confirmed sighting of a slender-billed curlew was in 2001 in Hungary.

                                                       Slender-billed Curlew

Paralympic Games

In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from the Netherlands joined the games and an international movement was born. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960, now called Paralympics. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging together different disability groups for international sport competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden.

 

Today, the Paralympics are elite sport events for athletes with a disability. They emphasize, however, the participants' athletic achievements rather than their disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in Rome in 1960 to 3,951 athletes from 146 countries in Beijing in 2008.

The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games they have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympics. On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between the IOC and the IPC securing this practice for the future. From the 2012 bid process onwards, the host city chosen to host the Olympic Games will be obliged to also host the Paralympics.

The British city of London will host the next Paralympic Games in 2012, whereas Sochi will host the Winter Paralympics in 2014 and Rio will be the host of the 2016 Paralympic Games.

An evening with my favourite star!!!

If I could spend an evening with  my favourite  star , I'd choose  to meet Ashton Kutcher.

 That's because he's amazing actor and beautiful men))

 If I met Ashton , I'd ask him a lot of things.

 For a start I'd ask him  how he can act so different parts and so good!!!  And where did he studied to such good act!!

 I'd tell him a lot of things , too))

 To begin with , I'd tell him  that I want to be an actress too! And I'd ask him to give me some act lessons!!!
 An evening with Ashton Kutcher would be great!!

My Report

HELLO WORLD =)